Soxhlet extraction is a classical method widely used in phytochemical studies, food analysis, and environmental investigations. Its design enables a solvent to repeatedly wash over a solid sample, gradually enriching itself with the compounds targeted for extraction. Because the solvent cycles automatically through evaporation, condensation, and siphoning, the method is both efficient and conceptually elegant.
The word biosensor blends two ideas — biology and sensor technology. It represents one of the most exciting outcomes of combining life sciences with electronics and engineering. Simply put, a biosensor is a device that uses a biological element (like an enzyme, antibody, or microorganism) to detect and measure chemical or biological substances. Biosensors have
Microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi require specific nutrients and environmental conditions to grow, which are provided through culture media. Culture media can be liquid (broth) or solid (agar-based). Solid media help in isolating and observing colony morphology, while liquid media are used for growing large volumes of microbial cells or for specific biochemical tests.
Isolation, Purification, and Culture Methods of Microbes is important foundational technique in microbiology. These techniques allow us to study microbes in pure form, essential for diagnostics, research, and industrial applications. Isolation separates a specific microbe from a mixed population; purification ensures the culture is free from contaminants; and culture methods enable the growth and study
In microbiology, growth media (or culture media) refers to the nutrient-rich substances used to grow and support microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, and some viruses in a laboratory setting. Think of it like food for microbes—just as humans need the right diet to grow and stay healthy, microorganisms need the right mix of nutrients to survive
Antibody-based diagnosis refers to diagnostic methods that utilize antibodies to detect the presence of specific pathogens (such as viruses, bacteria, or fungi) or abnormal biomarkers (such as proteins or other molecules) in a patient’s biological samples (e.g., blood, urine, saliva, or tissue). These diagnostic techniques utilize the specific binding capabilities of antibodies to their target
PCR is a laboratory method used to make many copies of a specific part of DNA. It is like a DNA copy machine that can produce millions or even billions of identical copies in just a few hours Let’s imagine this: You find a tiny drop of blood at a crime scene, or a small
Introduction to Cryopreservation Cryopreservation is a vital technique in cell biology, aimed at preserving animal cells by freezing them at cryogenic temperatures to maintain their viability over extended periods. This method is essential for applications in research, medicine, and biotechnology, such as storing cell lines for experiments, supporting regenerative medicine, and facilitating organ transplantation. The