D kumar Red rot of sugarcane is a serious fungal disease that affects sugarcane plants. It damages the stalks from inside, reducing sugar content and yield in the tropical and sub-tropical region of world. First reported in Java in 1893, it is now found in many sugarcane-growing areas around the world, especially in South Asia. In India,
Insect pests pose a significant threat to global agriculture, causing substantial crop losses each year despite the widespread use of insecticides. Modern farming practices, aimed at maximizing yield, have increasingly relied on chemical insecticides for pest control. However, this heavy dependence on agrochemicals has led to the rapid development of resistance among insect pests, such
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are highly specific and uniform antibodies that are produced from a single clone of plasma (B) cells against a single epitope of an antigen.” It offers a consistent and reproducible reagent for various diagnostic applications. Due to their precision, monoclonal antibodies have revolutionized diagnostic methods in medicine, biotechnology, and research. Diagnosis of
In biostatistics, data analysis is a structured and essential process, and tabulation is one of the primary methods used to summarize and arrange data for meaningful interpretation. Tabulation makes data more understandable and paves the way for further analysis. This section provides a detailed understanding of the concept, objectives, principles, and importance of tabulation, along
Imagine being able to take two completely different plants—one resistant to drought, the other producing high-yield crops—and fusing them into a single super-plant. What if you could manipulate individual cells and create hybrids that nature never could? Welcome to the fascinating world of protoplast isolation, where we strip cells down to their essence and unlock
T cell receptors (TCRs) are critical components of the adaptive immune system. They are responsible for recognizing antigens, which are specific molecules or fragments from pathogens (like viruses and bacteria) that trigger an immune response. Understanding TCRs is essential for grasping how T cells function in immune surveillance and response. Structure of T Cell Receptors
Callus is group of parenchymatic nature of cell which have no defined function. callus culture is technique in which mass of undifferentiated plant cell are grown in artificial media in laboratory. Imagine we want to study how plants grow in space or create plants with super resistance to diseases. But growing full plants can be
PCR is a laboratory method used to make many copies of a specific part of DNA. It is like a DNA copy machine that can produce millions or even billions of identical copies in just a few hours Let’s imagine this: You find a tiny drop of blood at a crime scene, or a small
Bacterial blight of rice, caused by the pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, is one of the most devastating diseases affecting rice crops worldwide, particularly in Asia. It infects rice plants at all growth stages, leading to wilting of seedlings, yellowing, and drying of leaves, ultimately causing significant yield losses. The disease spreads rapidly under warm,
Bacterial wilt is a plant disease caused by various species of bacteria, notably Ralstonia solanacearum and Erwinia tracheiphila. These pathogens infect the vascular system of plants, leading to wilting and potential plant death. Wilting refers to the loss of rigidity in non-woody parts of plants due to loss of water in plant cells, leading to