D kumar A subunit vaccine is a type of vaccine that uses specific parts of a pathogen—like proteins, sugars, or toxins—instead of the whole pathogen. These parts are enough to teach our immune system how to fight the disease without making us sick. So What is a Vaccine? A vaccine is a biological preparation that stimulates the
Secondary metabolites are organic compounds produced by organisms (particularly plants, fungi, and microorganisms) that are not directly involved in their growth, development, or reproduction, but often provide ecological advantages. Many of these compounds have important medicinal applications due to their bioactive properties. Types of secondary metabolites Secondary metabolites can be divided into various types or
Microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi require specific nutrients and environmental conditions to grow, which are provided through culture media. Culture media can be liquid (broth) or solid (agar-based). Solid media help in isolating and observing colony morphology, while liquid media are used for growing large volumes of microbial cells or for specific biochemical tests.
Classification of microorganism and taxonomy is one of the important areas in the microbiology field which deals with the classifying organism based on their special characteristics. What are microbes | what is the definition of microbes Importance of Classification and Taxonomy in Microbiology Microorganisms come in many types, and they can look or act very
Isolation, Purification, and Culture Methods of Microbes is important foundational technique in microbiology. These techniques allow us to study microbes in pure form, essential for diagnostics, research, and industrial applications. Isolation separates a specific microbe from a mixed population; purification ensures the culture is free from contaminants; and culture methods enable the growth and study
Sterilization is an important process in the laboratory process. In previously we have seen the different type of growth medium used for cultivation of microbes. Once we have the desired medium in mind for cultivation of bacteria. we need a contamination free environment and the lab ware for preparation of media. What is Sterilization? Sterilization
In microbiology, growth media (or culture media) refers to the nutrient-rich substances used to grow and support microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, and some viruses in a laboratory setting. Think of it like food for microbes—just as humans need the right diet to grow and stay healthy, microorganisms need the right mix of nutrients to survive
Hello dear aspirant, If you are preparing to crack the CSIR NET Life Sciences exam in 2025, first thing to know and understand is the syllabus. What are the content of syllabus, Knowing what to study (and how much) can make your preparation smarter and easier.This post will give you a clear and simplified idea
Antibody-based diagnosis refers to diagnostic methods that utilize antibodies to detect the presence of specific pathogens (such as viruses, bacteria, or fungi) or abnormal biomarkers (such as proteins or other molecules) in a patient’s biological samples (e.g., blood, urine, saliva, or tissue). These diagnostic techniques utilize the specific binding capabilities of antibodies to their target
Papaya is a tropical fruit loved for its juicy flesh and many seeds. However, a viral disease called Papaya Leaf Curl Disease can harm papaya plants, reducing fruit production. This disease is caused by a virus and spreads through tiny insects. Let’s explore what this disease is, how it affects papaya, and how farmers can